Eleven species of family Hemicytheridae and seven of the family Thaerocytheridae are described. Together they comprise 14% of the total Recent ostracod fauna described from the Solomon Islands. In the main the hemicytherids are much more endemic than the thaerocytherids. Three new species have been recorded only from the Solomon Islands, and three species of <i>Caudites</i>, held in open nomenclature due to their rarity, are also probably endemic to the islands. Another three new species have been recorded only from Java and one species of <i>Mimicocythere</i> gen. et sp. nov. also occurs in Australia. The six new species described and illustrated are: <i>Ambostracon</i> (<i>A</i>.) <i>micropapillatum</i>, <i>A.</i> (<i>A</i>.) <i>micromaculata</i>, <i>Caudites shortlandensis,</i> ?<i>C. atypicus</i>, <i>Mutilus dissimilis</i> ssp. nov. and <i>Mimicocythere pseudomelobesoides</i> gen. et sp. nov. Only one of the hemicytherids, <i>Caudites javana</i> Kingma, occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is the Thaerocytheridae, however, that are almost pandemic in tropical regions, with <i>Tenedocythere deltoides</i> and <i>T. transoceanica</i> being distributed particularly widely. A new species of the rare genus <i>Neobuntonia</i>, <i>N. subalata</i> sp. nov., only the second modern species to be described, is also illustrated.